ABSTRACT
In recent years, research on sedentary behaviour has increased. In this regard, there is a need for theoretical reviews that allow us to determine the past, analyse the present, and prepare the future of research in this field. The purpose of this review paper was to analyse and organise the emerging qualitative research trends (2010-2021) on the sedentary behaviour of older adults. A systematic literature search strategy was developed in various electronic scientific databases (e.g., PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scielo, and Scopus). The included studies were required to have different qualitative methodological approaches in terms of data collection and methods of data analysis. Studies conducted in any country and published in a peer-reviewed journal in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were considered. A thematic analysis approach was used for data extraction and synthesis, and confidence in the results was assessed using the GRADE-CERQual approach. This study may enable accurate guidelines to be established for future primary qualitative research related to sedentary behaviour.
Subject(s)
Sedentary Behavior , Qualitative Research , Systematic Reviews as TopicABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The pandemic state caused by SARS CoV-2 came to overburden all levels of healthcare, including Primary Care. In Portugal, most patients were followed in ambulatory, monitored by phone calls or face-to-face visits by their General Practitioner. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to characterize the pathway of COVID-19 outpatients in Primary Care and establish the risk factors that mostly influences the need for hospitalization or death during the follow-up. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was established, based on the official Portuguese dataset of the first wave between March 2nd and June 30th 2020. The predictive effects of variables, including age, gender, residency and clinical features, were analysed using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 38,545 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 was included for analysis (56.3% female), with a median age of 47 years old. There were 4,327 hospitalized patients, 253 in intensive care units and 1,153 deaths. Females present lower risk of hospitalization (HR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.73-0.82; P < 0.001) and age is associated with higher risk (HR = 7.08; 95% CI: 6.68-7.50; P < 0.001), as well as the presence of at least one comorbidity (HR = 7.03; 95% CI: 6.43-7.69; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that cardiovascular disease, diabetes, smoking, obesity, chronic kidney disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV and other immunodeficiencies, transplant or immunosuppression, haematological disorders, neurological disorders and liver disease increased the risk of hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Male gender, age and the presence of comorbidities are the main determinants for hospitalization and death. These COVID-19 patients should receive a higher attention when they come to primary care for assistance.